docs: 重構 SSL 憑證管理為完整 SOP
- tmp/ 重命名為 ssl_certs/，存放憑證相關檔案 - ssl_deploy_guide.md 改寫為 8 步驟標準作業流程 - .gitignore 排除私鑰與 fullchain 等敏感檔案 Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
3
.gitignore
vendored
3
.gitignore
vendored
@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
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*.tar.gz
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*.zip
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php/
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ssl_certs/privkey.pem
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ssl_certs/fullchain.pem
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@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
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| `ssh_config.md` | SSH 連線架構與跳板機設定 |
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| `docker-compose-note.md` | Docker Compose 服務架構筆記 |
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| `ssl_cert_note.md` | SSL 憑證資訊與待處理事項 |
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| `ssl_deploy_guide.md` | SSL 憑證部署 SOP |
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| `ssl_certs/` | SSL 憑證檔案（.cer、中繼憑證） |
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| `reset_npm_password.sh` | NPM 管理員密碼重設腳本 |
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## 伺服器架構
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BIN
ssl_certs/952453E16C4AD7E7F6845225F3468EDA.cer
Normal file
BIN
ssl_certs/952453E16C4AD7E7F6845225F3468EDA.cer
Normal file
Binary file not shown.
73
ssl_certs/GCA_G3_intermediate.pem
Normal file
73
ssl_certs/GCA_G3_intermediate.pem
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
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subject=C=TW, O=行政院, OU=政府憑證管理中心
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issuer=C=TW, O=Government Root Certification Authority
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-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
|
||||
MIIFLzCCAxegAwIBAgIQMe5Y77XBpI+a7fR13bilwTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADA/
|
||||
MQswCQYDVQQGEwJUVzEwMC4GA1UECgwnR292ZXJubWVudCBSb290IENlcnRpZmlj
|
||||
YXRpb24gQXV0aG9yaXR5MB4XDTEzMDEzMTAzMjIzNFoXDTMzMDEzMTAzMjIzNFow
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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|
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QSKNlymWgAop+Eg9b40lfBMBxFppb3R4IZpijCpy0RbPOzvtmDpen3WZmJ+vsCqc
|
||||
08b8JqDeRG5zQI1sIeV15qqGZuV8oL5gFi4niltkLNS3fGYAr4+LXVojMWIO/Noe
|
||||
Ji+i3AtfhnN/w3Ixzhxi39pN+hYzFGtsZNioUC2MQexFJS+AQ4s8D41cRCMwovfi
|
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0erTbWKhTPoQXirUDV/ZSUjUlLDbXzdiUB+mxWd2k16HYcvMFUevxbNzJAxP355T
|
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q9tliZpM/7MVq0/Bw4SGxxQRQF1uVQjMBtEsRYHKVZ1IBBJVOe8jZhc81Sw3jDmm
|
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Ttyjx1o2m8VVImsiIP2iPI3hlw/UCwCGRg5xvqqW72w2niT9pXdvZowBVbhP24wt
|
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umuA45M5h4UNZRNo4/NG3UwS9eLKtfB06YFf3DcBban/Drf8LX8OGvF++Im3SeGJ
|
||||
6zhUlYOVJcTHpR6TToXoKzvuzegRL2vQ4k22B++JtOQgsAg=
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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subject=C=TW, O=行政院, CN=政府憑證管理中心 - G3
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issuer=C=TW, O=行政院, CN=Government Root Certification Authority - G3
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-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
|
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MIIGajCCBFKgAwIBAgIRANihslJZ4Numk5pLcvKuQaIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAw
|
||||
WDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVFcxEjAQBgNVBAoMCeihjOaUv+mZojE1MDMGA1UEAwwsR292
|
||||
ZXJubWVudCBSb290IENlcnRpZmljYXRpb24gQXV0aG9yaXR5IC0gRzMwHhcNMjIw
|
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NjA3MDMwNzE0WhcNNDIwNjA3MTU1OTU5WjBJMQswCQYDVQQGEwJUVzESMBAGA1UE
|
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CgwJ6KGM5pS/6ZmiMSYwJAYDVQQDDB3mlL/lupzmhpHorYnnrqHnkIbkuK3lv4Mg
|
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LSBHMzCCAiIwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggIPADCCAgoCggIBALMbyTROOXM9HCYl
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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/Rkg2o42MPvzBmPLtw8=
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
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@@ -1,100 +1,131 @@
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# SSL 憑證部署指南 - tpesupporter.tpech.gov.tw
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# SSL 憑證部署 SOP - tpesupporter.tpech.gov.tw
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## 前置確認
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## 概述
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新憑證（GCA G3）與舊私鑰（HiPKI）**不匹配**，需要找到申請 GCA 憑證時產生的私鑰。
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hospital_web (106.105.181.70) 使用 Nginx Proxy Manager 管理 SSL。
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憑證檔案存放於本機 `ssl_certs/` 目錄，部署目標為遠端 `/opt/php/data/custom_ssl/npm-1/`。
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### 確認金鑰配對
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## 目錄結構
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```
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ssl_certs/
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├── *.cer # 伺服器憑證（GCA 發給你的 zip 解開後的檔案）
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├── GCA_G3_intermediate.pem # 中繼憑證（已下載好）
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├── privkey.pem # 私鑰（申請憑證時產生，需自行放入）
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└── fullchain.pem # 組合後的完整憑證鏈（SOP 步驟 3 產出）
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```
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---
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## SOP 流程
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### 步驟 1：取得憑證
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從 GCA 收到的 zip 檔解壓後，將 `.cer` 放入 `ssl_certs/`：
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```bash
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# 私鑰 modulus
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cd ssl_certs/
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unzip XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.zip
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```
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### 步驟 2：放入私鑰
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將申請 GCA 憑證時產生的私鑰放入 `ssl_certs/privkey.pem`。
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確認金鑰與憑證配對：
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```bash
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# 兩個 md5 必須一致
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openssl rsa -in privkey.pem -modulus -noout | md5sum
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# 憑證 modulus
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openssl x509 -in 952453E16C4AD7E7F6845225F3468EDA.cer -modulus -noout | md5sum
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# 兩者 md5 必須一致才是配對的
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openssl x509 -in *.cer -modulus -noout | md5sum
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```
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## 部署步驟
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### 步驟 3：下載中繼憑證（如需更新）
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### 1. 準備檔案
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需要三個檔案：
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- `privkey.pem` — 私鑰（申請 GCA 憑證時產生的）
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- `952453E16C4AD7E7F6845225F3468EDA.cer` — 伺服器憑證
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- `GCA_G3_intermediate.crt` — GCA G3 中繼憑證
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### 2. 下載 GCA G3 中繼憑證
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中繼憑證已放在 `ssl_certs/GCA_G3_intermediate.pem`。
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若需重新下載（URL 來自憑證 AIA 欄位）：
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```bash
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# 政府憑證管理中心 G3 中繼憑證
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curl -o GCA_G3_intermediate.crt https://gca.nat.gov.tw/download/GCA_OCA.crt
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curl -o IssuedToThisCA.p7b http://gca.nat.gov.tw/repository/Certs/IssuedToThisCA.p7b
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openssl pkcs7 -in IssuedToThisCA.p7b -inform DER -print_certs -outform PEM -out GCA_G3_intermediate.pem
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rm IssuedToThisCA.p7b
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```
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> 如上述連結失效，請至 https://gca.nat.gov.tw 下載「GCA 憑證鏈」
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### 3. 組合 fullchain.pem
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### 步驟 4：組合 fullchain.pem
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```bash
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# 將伺服器憑證轉為 PEM（如果是 DER 格式）
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openssl x509 -in 952453E16C4AD7E7F6845225F3468EDA.cer -inform DER -out server.pem 2>/dev/null \
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|| cp 952453E16C4AD7E7F6845225F3468EDA.cer server.pem
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# 憑證轉 PEM（DER 格式自動轉換，PEM 格式直接複製）
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openssl x509 -in *.cer -inform DER -out server.pem 2>/dev/null \
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|| cp *.cer server.pem
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# 合併成 fullchain（順序：伺服器憑證 → 中繼憑證）
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cat server.pem GCA_G3_intermediate.crt > fullchain.pem
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# 合併：伺服器憑證 → 中繼憑證
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cat server.pem GCA_G3_intermediate.pem > fullchain.pem
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rm server.pem
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```
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### 4. 備份舊憑證
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### 步驟 5：備份遠端舊憑證
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```bash
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ssh hospital_web "sudo cp -r /opt/php/data/custom_ssl/npm-1 /opt/php/data/custom_ssl/npm-1.bak.$(date +%Y%m%d)"
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ssh hospital_web "sudo cp -r /opt/php/data/custom_ssl/npm-1 /opt/php/data/custom_ssl/npm-1.bak.\$(date +%Y%m%d)"
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```
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### 5. 上傳新憑證至伺服器
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### 步驟 6：上傳並替換
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```bash
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# 上傳 fullchain.pem 和 privkey.pem
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scp fullchain.pem hospital_web:/tmp/
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scp privkey.pem hospital_web:/tmp/
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# 替換
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ssh hospital_web "sudo cp /tmp/fullchain.pem /opt/php/data/custom_ssl/npm-1/fullchain.pem"
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ssh hospital_web "sudo cp /tmp/privkey.pem /opt/php/data/custom_ssl/npm-1/privkey.pem"
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# 清理
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ssh hospital_web "rm /tmp/fullchain.pem /tmp/privkey.pem"
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ssh hospital_web "
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sudo cp /tmp/fullchain.pem /opt/php/data/custom_ssl/npm-1/fullchain.pem
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sudo cp /tmp/privkey.pem /opt/php/data/custom_ssl/npm-1/privkey.pem
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rm /tmp/fullchain.pem /tmp/privkey.pem
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"
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```
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### 6. 重啟 NPM
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### 步驟 7：重啟 NPM
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```bash
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ssh hospital_web "cd /opt/php && sudo docker compose restart app"
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```
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### 7. 驗證
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### 步驟 8：驗證
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```bash
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ssh hospital_web "echo | openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -servername tpesupporter.tpech.gov.tw 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -dates -subject -issuer"
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ssh hospital_web "echo | openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 \
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-servername tpesupporter.tpech.gov.tw 2>/dev/null \
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| openssl x509 -noout -dates -subject -issuer"
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```
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預期結果：
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- issuer 應為「政府憑證管理中心 - G3」
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||||
- notAfter 應為 2028-04-01
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- `issuer` → 政府憑證管理中心 - G3
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- `notAfter` → 新憑證到期日
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## 或者：透過 NPM 管理後台上傳
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檢查憑證鏈是否完整：
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||||
|
||||
1. SSH 連線 `ssh hospital_web`（會自動建立 port forwarding）
|
||||
```bash
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ssh hospital_web "echo | openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 \
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-servername tpesupporter.tpech.gov.tw 2>&1 \
|
||||
| grep 'Verify return code'"
|
||||
```
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預期：`Verify return code: 0 (ok)`
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||||
|
||||
---
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||||
|
||||
## 替代方案：透過 NPM 管理後台
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||||
|
||||
1. `ssh hospital_web`（自動建立 port forwarding）
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||||
2. 瀏覽器開啟 `http://localhost:8181`
|
||||
3. SSL Certificates → Add SSL Certificate → Custom
|
||||
4. 貼上 fullchain.pem 內容（Certificate）
|
||||
5. 貼上 privkey.pem 內容（Certificate Key）
|
||||
4. 貼上 `fullchain.pem` 內容（Certificate）
|
||||
5. 貼上 `privkey.pem` 內容（Certificate Key）
|
||||
6. 儲存後套用至對應的 Proxy Host
|
||||
|
||||
## 目前憑證狀態
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
| 項目 | 舊憑證（目前使用中） | 新憑證（待部署） |
|
||||
|---|---|---|
|
||||
| 簽發者 | HiPKI OV TLS CA - G1（中華電信） | 政府憑證管理中心 - G3（GCA） |
|
||||
| 有效期迄 | 2026-04-23 | 2028-04-01 |
|
||||
| 私鑰位置 | /opt/php/data/custom_ssl/npm-1/privkey.pem | **待確認** |
|
||||
## 憑證歷史紀錄
|
||||
|
||||
| 期間 | 簽發者 | 到期日 | 備註 |
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
| 2025-04 ~ 2026-04 | HiPKI OV TLS CA - G1（中華電信） | 2026-04-23 | 憑證鏈不完整，缺中繼 CA |
|
||||
| 2026-04 ~ 2028-04 | 政府憑證管理中心 - G3（GCA） | 2028-04-01 | 待部署，私鑰待確認 |
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user