Restructure documentation files for better organization
- Remove old README file - Add QUICKSTART.md for quick setup (3-step process) - Add SUMMARY.md for project overview and architecture - Add OPERATIONS.md for detailed management procedures - Keep README.md as comprehensive main documentation - Organize content by purpose: quick start, overview, operations Co-Authored-By: Claude Haiku 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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OPERATIONS.md
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OPERATIONS.md
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# Headscale 操作手冊
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## 節點管理
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### 查看節點狀態
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```bash
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# 列出所有節點
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headscale nodes list
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# JSON 格式輸出(含標籤)
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headscale nodes list --output json | jq '.[] | {id, name, tags: .forced_tags}'
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# 查看節點路由
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headscale nodes list-routes
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```
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### 節點操作
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```bash
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# 重新命名節點
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headscale nodes rename --identifier 2 iphone-15-pro-max
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headscale nodes rename --identifier 4 ip-192-168-42-102
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# 刪除節點
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headscale nodes delete --identifier 6
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headscale nodes delete --identifier 6 --force
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```
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### 節點標籤管理
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```bash
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# 給節點加上 server 或 mobile 標籤
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headscale nodes tag --identifier 4 --tags tag:server # ct102
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headscale nodes tag --identifier 9 --tags tag:server # 15-macbook-pro
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headscale nodes tag --identifier 12 --tags tag:server # ip-192-168-88-82
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headscale nodes tag --identifier 2 --tags tag:mobile # iphone-15-pro-max
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headscale nodes tag --identifier 5 --tags tag:mobile # apple-tv-bedroom
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# 移除所有標籤
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headscale nodes tag --identifier 13 --tags ""
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```
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### 路由管理
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```bash
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# 批准路由(讓節點提供路由給其他節點)
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headscale nodes approve-routes --identifier 4 --routes 0.0.0.0/0,192.168.42.0/24,::/0
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headscale nodes approve-routes --identifier 5 --routes 192.168.42.0/24
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```
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## 金鑰管理
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### 預授權金鑰(Pre-auth Keys)
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```bash
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# 產生 10 年期預授權金鑰
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headscale preauthkeys create \
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--user 1 \
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--reusable \
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--ephemeral=false \
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--expiration 87600h
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# 短期金鑰(24 小時)
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headscale preauthkeys create --user 1 --reusable --ephemeral=false --expiration 24h
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# 列出預授權金鑰
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headscale preauthkeys list --user 1
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```
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### API 金鑰管理
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```bash
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# 列出 API 金鑰
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headscale apikeys list
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# 撤銷 API 金鑰
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headscale apikeys revoke <KEY_ID>
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# 使用腳本創建 API 金鑰
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./create_headscale_api_key.sh
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```
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## 使用者管理
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```bash
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# 查看所有使用者
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headscale users list
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# 重新命名使用者(namespace)
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headscale users rename --identifier 1 --new-name mainnet
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```
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## 設備連接流程
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### 完整流程
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1. **產生預授權金鑰**
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```bash
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headscale preauthkeys create \
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--user 1 \
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--reusable \
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--ephemeral=false \
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--expiration 87600h
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```
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2. **設備連接**
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```bash
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tailscale up --login-server https://headscale.lotimmy.com --auth-key <金鑰>
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```
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3. **註冊節點**
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```bash
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headscale nodes register --user mainnet --key <設備返回的金鑰>
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```
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3. **配置標籤和路由**
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```bash
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# 添加標籤
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headscale nodes tag --identifier <id> --tags tag:server
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# 批准路由(如果需要)
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headscale nodes approve-routes --identifier <id> --routes 0.0.0.0/0,::/0
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```
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## Exit Node 配置
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### 作為 Exit Node
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```bash
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tailscale up --reset \
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--login-server https://headscale.lotimmy.com \
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--advertise-exit-node \
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--advertise-routes=192.168.42.0/24 \
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--accept-routes=false
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```
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### 使用 Exit Node
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```bash
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# 指定 Exit Node
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tailscale up --exit-node=<節點名稱或 IP>
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# 使用特定節點的路由
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tailscale up --exit-node=<節點名稱> --accept-routes
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```
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## 備份與還原
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### 自動備份
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```bash
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# 執行自動備份
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./headscale_backup_and_restore.sh
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```
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### 手動備份
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```bash
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# 停止服務
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make down
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# 建立備份
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tar czvf headscale_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).tar.gz .
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# 重新啟動服務
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make up
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```
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### 備份驗證
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備份腳本會自動:
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1. 停止服務
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2. 建立壓縮檔
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3. 計算資料庫 MD5 檢查碼
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4. 重啟服務
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5. 複製到遠端備份伺服器
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6. 驗證遠端備份完整性
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## 日誌監控
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### 服務日誌
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```bash
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# 查看 Tail 日誌
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make logs
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# 進入容器檢查
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make exec
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# 實時監控
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make logs -f
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```
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### API 健康檢查
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```bash
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# API 檢查腳本
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./api_user_request.sh
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# 手動檢查 API
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curl -s https://headscale.lotimmy.com:8080/v1/metrics | head -n 10
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```
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### 系統監控
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```bash
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# 查看 Docker 事件
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docker events --filter name=headscale
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# 檢查容器資源使用
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docker stats headscale
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```
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## 網路測試
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### 內部連通性測試
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```bash
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# 測試內部節點連通性
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tailscale ping 100.64.0.4
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tailscale ping <節點名稱>
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# 查看 tailnet 網路狀態
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tailscale status
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# 測試路由
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tailscale ping <內網 IP>
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```
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### DNS 測試
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```bash
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# 測試 MagicDNS
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nslookup <節點名稱>.internal.lotimmy.com
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# 測試自訂 DNS
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dig @1.1.1.1 example.com
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```
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## 故障排除
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### 常見問題
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#### 設備無法連接
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1. **檢查服務狀態**
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```bash
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make ps
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make logs
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```
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2. **檢查預授權金鑰**
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```bash
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headscale preauthkeys list --user 1
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```
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3. **檢查防火牆**
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```bash
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# 檢查端口
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netstat -tlnp | grep 8080
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netstat -tlnp | grep 9090
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netstat -tlnp | grep 50443
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```
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#### 節點顯示離線
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1. **檢查 WireGuard 連接**
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```bash
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wg show
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```
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2. **重啟節點**
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```bash
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tailscale down
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tailscale up
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```
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3. **檢查系統日誌**
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```bash
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journalctl -u tailscale -f
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```
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#### 路由無法使用
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1. **確認節點標籤**
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```bash
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headscale nodes list --output json | jq '.[] | {id, name, tags: .forced_tags}'
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```
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2. **確認路由批准**
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```bash
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headscale nodes list-routes
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```
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3. **檢查 ACL 政策**
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```bash
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headscale policy check
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```
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#### DNS 問題
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1. **檢查 MagicDNS**
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```bash
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nslookup <節點名稱>.internal.lotimmy.com
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```
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2. **檢查 DNS 伺服器**
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```bash
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curl -s https://dns.nextdns.io/health
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```
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3. **重啟 DNS 服務**
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```bash
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systemctl restart systemd-resolved
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```
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### 緊急處理
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#### 服務無法啟動
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```bash
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# 檢查配置檔案
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headscale config check
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# 檢查 Docker 日誌
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make logs
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# 清理 Docker 資源
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make clean
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make up
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```
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#### 資料庫損壞
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1. **停止服務**
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```bash
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make down
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```
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2. **從備份還原**
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```bash
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# 恢復備份檔案
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tar xzvf headscale_backup_xxxx.tar.gz
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# 重新啟動
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make up
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```
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3. **驗證資料**
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```bash
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headscale nodes list
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```
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## 日常維護
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### 每日檢查清單
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- [ ] 檢查服務狀態:`make ps`
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- [ ] 查看日誌錯誤:`make logs`
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- [ ] 檢查連接節點數:`headscale nodes list | wc -l`
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- [ ] 執行 API 檢查:`./api_user_request.sh`
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- [ ] 檢查備份狀態(如果設定自動)
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### 每週維護
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- [ ] 備份驗證測試
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- [ ] 檢查磁碟空間
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- [ ] 更新 Docker 映像:`docker pull headscale/headscale:latest`
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- [ ] 檢查系統資源使用
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- [ ] 清理舊的日誌檔案
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### 每月維護
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- [ ] 更新系統軟體
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- [ ] 重新審核 API 金鑰
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- [ ] 測試災難還原流程
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- [ ] 更新 ACL 政策
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- [ ] 檢查安全性設定
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